BIOINFORMATICS APPROACH ON ACTION AND MECHANISM OF BROMELAIN IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

Objective: The objective of the study was to understand biomolecular interactions of Bromelain and its networking with p53 and β-catenin by a computational method of analysis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) condition. Methodology: The protein interaction partners for p53 and β-catenin involved in the progression of HCC were collected from National Center for Biotechnology Information. We collected data points and standardized the data points for our data analysis from the public database. We used Cytoscape 3.8.2 version plug-in for constructing a Protein-Protein interaction network. We constructed a pathway network using Biorender.com. Results: The protein interactions concerning p53 and β-catenin are identified and a network is constructed. A total of 18 and 34 nodes were identified which are involved in down-regulation and up-regulation of β-catenin and a total of 30 and 27 nodes for homosapiens are identified which are involved in the downregulation and upregulation of the p53 gene. We identified different pathways which trigger and impact the p53 and Wnt/β- catenin signaling pathways as potential target sites for Bromelain to arrest the progression of cancer Conclusion: In conclusion, our in silico studies anti-cancer activity of Bromelain in HCC relating its effect on apoptosis, cell differentiation, mesenchymal transition, p53 signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways

Robson ten groups classification system for caesarean section audit: are our operation theatre registers RTGC enabled?

Background: Rising caesarean section rate is a global problem. Robson ten groups classification (RTGC) system of audit has been recommended as the first step towards planning strategies to reduce caesarean section rate. Getting data for this audit is often difficult. If operation theatre (OT) registers are maintained properly this would become easy. The study proposes to know if enough information is available in the operation theatre registers to get caesarean section data for ten groups of Robson classification system. To suggest changes in OT register format for future convenience.Methods: We studied data from 100 consecutive caesarean section entries in OT registers from two medical college institutions to know if the information recorded is adequate to classify these 100 caesarean sections into ten groups given by Robson. Last 100 caesarean section entries into the OT register during the period 1st April 2018 till 31st March 2019 were studied.Results: Presentation of the foetus was the only factor which could be clearly known for all 100 cases. Labour onset whether spontaneous or induced was the least recorded observation in traditional operation theatre registers. The next information which was commonly not recorded was the labour status (woman in labour or not in labour) at the time of caesarean section.Conclusions: For Robson’s classification of caesarean sections to become useful tool to guide strategies in reducing caesarean sections we need to modify format of our OT registers. Traditional OT registers do not provide enough information to categorize caesarean section cases into Robson ten groups. Missing information makes caesarean section audit imperfect or impossible. We suggest a format for it to be incorporated into the operation theatre registers of centres providing maternity services

Measurement of risk and stressors of post-traumatic stress disorder during the first lockdown period of COVID-19 among Industrial workers, Hyderabad, India

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder usually occurs after a traumatic event and this COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health to a great extent. While there is extensive research being conducted about this aspect among the general population, the most neglected are the Industrial workers during the first lockdown period. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms using the impact of event scale-revised (IES-R), their main stressors and coping measurements among the industrial workers of Hyderabad. Methods:  A telephonic interview schedule was adopted to fill the online questionnaire among Industrial workers of age group 20-55 years during the lockdown period. Hundred and seventy-four participants were included in our study and data was collected using standardized tools IES-R and brief resilient coping scale. Various stressors and also their coping strategies were elucidated. Results:  At the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms were found among 20.6% and at risk of suppressed immune system functioning which is presumed to have its effect for the next 10 years was 13.8%. The main stressors of COVID-19 with increased IES-R score were not staying with family members, influence of social media, Any acquaintance with COVID-19 infected person effect on daily life and white-collar group. Coping measurements with a brief resilient coping scale found 17.4% as low resilient copers. Conclusion: This identification of high-risk post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms needs to be addressed earlier to bring up preventive strategies such as counseling services in the occupational health care centers of our industries

Oral versus intramuscular midazolam for paediatric preanaesthetic medication

Background: The need for effective preanesthetic medication in children is obvious and midazolam has proven to be one reliable choice. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy, acceptability and reliability of the oral and intramuscular routes of administration of midazolam towards paediatric preanesthetic medication at various doses.Methods: Hundred eligible patients in the age group of 1 to 10 years undergoing ambulatory or routine planned, minor or major surgery during study period were allocated to one of the four groups of 25 participants each, formed on the basis of premedication they received. Haemodynamic parameters, level of sedation and anxiety and induction score were noted before premedication and after each 15 minutes interval for next 45 minutes in all the four groups. Postoperative assessment included sleep level, anterograde amnesia, picture recall and occurrence of complications.Results: The sedative and anxiolytic effects were observed to be maximum at 45 minutes after premedication in all the four groups and better sedation, anxiolysis and quality of induction were achieved with higher doses for both oral as well as intramuscular routes. Postoperatively, the sleep level did not increase with higher dose and 64% patients were awake with 0.75 mg/kg oral midazolam. The sleep level was more with higher dose with the Intramuscular route, with 60% patients feeling drowsy with 0.1mg/kg dose. 0.75 mg/kg dose showed better anterograde amnesia (64%) than 0.5 mg/kg (28%), while it was present in 64% participants premedicated with 0.8 mg/kg intramuscular does and 72% in 0.1 mg/kg intramuscular dose.Conclusions: Intramuscular midazolam at 0.1 mg/kg dose seems to be the ideal dose and route for paediatric preanesthetic medication, with oral midazolam at 0.75 mg/kg to be considered an effective and acceptable alternative.

Role of Fluid Dynamics in Cardiac Blast Effect – A Case Report

Background: A large variety of injuries is sustained during vehicular accidents. Blunt cardiac injury (BCI) encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from cardiac concussion to cardiac rupture.  Apart from the usual blunt injuries, an uncommon type is the compression injuries of the chest.  Such compression results not only in direct damage to the solid organs but also results in blast injury of fluid filled organs due to the variations  in the intraluminal pressure, in accordance with laws of fluid dynamics.Case Report: Here is a rare and interesting case of such nature, in which tangential force over the chest resulted in the massive rise of intraluminal pressure in the ventricles leading to burst of chambers resulting in death.Conclusion: In this article, we have tried to explain the various factors resulting in bursting of the fluid filled organs and their relations with fluid dynamics

Multiple Slot Fractal Structured Antenna for Wi-Fi and Radio Altimeter for uncertain Applications

A multiple slot fractal antenna design has been determined communication efficiency and its multi-function activities.  High-speed small communication devices have been required for future smart chip applications, so that researchers have been employed new and creative antenna design. Antennas are key part in communication systems, those are used to improve communication parameters like gain, efficiency, and bandwidth. Consistently, modern antennas design with high bandwidth and gain balancing is very difficult, therefore an adaptive antenna array chip design is required. In this research work a coaxial fed antenna with fractal geometry design has been implemented for Wi-Fi and Radio altimeter application. The fractal geometry has been taken with multiple numbers of slots in the radiating structure for uncertain applications. The coaxial feeding location has been selected based on the good impedance matching condition (50 Ohms). The overall dimension mentioned for antenna are approximately 50X50X1.6 mm on FR4 substrate and performance characteristic analysis is performed with change in substrate material presented in this work. Dual-band resonant frequency is being emitted by the antenna with resonance at 3.1 and 4.3 GHz for FR4 substrate material and change in the resonant bands is obtained with change in substrate. The proposed Antenna is prototyped on Anritsu VNA tool and presented the comparative analysis like VSWR 12%, reflection coefficient 9.4%,3D-Gain 6.2% and surface current 9.3% had been improved

Surgical management of fractures of distal end radius using uniplanar external fixator augmented with percutaneous kirschner wire fixation

Background: Distal end radius fractures is one of the most common fractures of the upper limb especially in the elderly population, accounting for about 17% of all upper limb fractures. Surgical stabilization of these fractures remains a challenge even today. Although the recent trend is towards internal fixation with locking plates, the external fixator itself has its own advantages in the treatment of these fractures.Methods: This study is a prospective, time bound, hospital based study conducted in Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, between November 2014 to April 2016. The study included 30 cases of distal end radius fractures that were operated with the closed reduction and uniplanar external fixator augmented with k-wire for distal end radius by the principle of ligamentotaxis.Results: In our study, 14 (46.6 %) patients had excellent results. Whereas, 11 (36.7%) patients had good results and 3 (10%) had fair and only 2 (6.7%) patients had poor results. Most of the fractures united by 12 weeks. Complications associated with the study was stiffness, malunion, sudeck’s  osteodystrophy and pin tract infection. Conclusions: The uniplanar external fixator augmented with k-wire is a good choice in the treatment of distal end radius fractures  in terms of providing a good functional outcome if proper preoperative planning, good reduction and surgical technique are followed, leading to high rate of bone union, minimal soft tissue damage and complications

A Novel Energy Aware Clustering Mechanism with Fuzzy Logic in MANET Environment

A Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) comprises of the vast range of devices such as sensors, smart phones, laptops and other mobile devices that connect with each other across wireless networks and collaborate in a dispersed fashion to offer network functions in the absence of a permanent infrastructure. The Cluster Head (CH) selection in a clustered MANET is still crucial for lowering each node's energy consumption and increasing the network's lifetime. However, in existing clustering mechanism trust of the all nodes are presumed those causes increased challenge in the MANET environment. Security is a crucial factor when constructing ad-hoc networks. In a MANET, energy consumption in route optimization is dependent on network resilience and connectivity. The primary objective of this study is to design a reliable clustering mechanism for MANETs that takes energy efficiency into account. For trusted energy-efficient CH in the nodes, a safe clustering strategy integrating energy-efficient and fuzzy logic based energy clustering is proposed to address security problems brought about by malicious nodes and to pick a trustworthy node as CH. To improve the problem findings Bat algorithm (BAT) is integrated with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The PSO technique is inspired because it imitates the sociological characteristics of the flock of the birds through random population. The BAT is a metaheuristic algorithm inspired by microbat echolocation behavior that uses pulse average with global optimization of the average path in the network. Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (HPSO) and BAT techniques are applied to identify the best route between the source and destination. According to the simulation results, the suggested Fuzzy logic Particle Swarm Optimization BAT (FLPSO-BAT) technique has a minimum latency of 0.0019 milliseconds, with energy consumption value of 0.09 millijoules, maximal throughput of 0.76 bits per sec and detection rate of 90.5% without packet dropping attack